The Dying Art of Western Odisha "Ghudka"

The Dying Art of Western Odisha"Ghudka"

INTRODUCTION

The development of the body in cadenced development way, as a rule to music and inside a given space , to communicate a thought or feeling , discharging vitality, or essentially taking have a great time the development itself , Or we can say that , 

"The rhythmic movement of the body with react to music is called dance".

Western Odisha , the place where there is adroit specialists and skilled workers, has a rich imaginative custom which delighted in liberal support from the sanctuaries just as the respectability. Diverse and varied, the enthralling craft-work of western Odisha depicts the magic of the deft hands of these artisans and puts forth a perfect medium to get a glimpse of the spectacular world of a craftsmen’s imagination.

The Tribal dance of Odisha include bright ensembles with head embellishments made up of horns and shells of creatures. The dancers dance on the thumps of drums, string instruments or woodwinds which hypnotises the crowd totally. This dance is performed on the events of birth, relationships, passing, naming function, changing seasons and in numerous different celebrations. Karma and Changu are antiquated tribal dance types of Odisha.

The indigenous clan of Indian are the most established individuals of the nation for million innate social orders have been sub decided by more as of late showed up. There are various issues of these network which was not tended to in the purported standard. 

The Tribal network has its own standard of social and affordable viewpoint. Woodland and ancestral connection isn't just connection however have representative impact on the way of life, social, efficient and social part of innate life.

Ghudka

Loka Badiya Ghudaka is a musical instrument of Western Odisha. According to Natyashastra of Bharat Muni musical instrument are being divided into four types.

TAAT, ABANADHA, SUSIRA, GHANA

The first type of musical instrument according to the Natyasatra is TAAT, which are basically known as string instrument. This instrument are played by using fingers, rubbing two wire together, or using horse tail hair these instruments are played.

So Ghudka is considers as a TAAT instrument according to saastra.

In Western Odisha at many place and time this instrument has been played by the particular tribe which has been witnessed.

Mainly the people of Kalahandi are very traditional & live with simple life according to their own culture & tradition. They play different type of folk music, folk song, folk dance very traditionally as per their own culture. Out of those folk items “GHUDKA” is the most vital folk music of Kalahandi.

Ghudka or ghubukudu being the name of the instrument paved a path to earn livelihood to the tribal .The dance form which had a narrow coverage now getting popularity as a dying art form.

GHUDKA is the most vital tribal art of this area, which is mainly played by the people of the Ghogia caste of Kalahandi. It is the caste basis music.

“GHUDUK GHUDUK” sound arises from the GHUDKA. So, this music is so-called “GHUDKA”.                                                                                                                     

PRESENTATION OF THE GHUDKA MUSIC:-

 The presentation of the Ghudka is very interesting & very important for the Ghudka dance or the Ghudka music. The male and female of the tribe move village to village and perform their dance which in local name known as ghudka nach. The Ghudka is mainly played by the Ghudka player in the Mudtopu nach.

MUDTOPU DANCE:- Out of other folk dance of  Kalahandi Mudtopu is the most important folk dance & folk music. This Mudtopu is the most important sport or khel basis of music of Kalahandi. They play this Mudtopu for their stomach & for earning of money for their life. He Dig the hole & buried his head. He collect the rice,money by presenting the mudtopu khel.

Additional instrument or things of the Mudtopu khel:-

The additional instrument of Mudtopukhel has the vital role in the Mudtopu khel. When this instrument is played by the Ghudka player at that time it is very interesting to see. This instruments give more entertainment to the people. The additional are like:-

(I)-BARCHHA.

(II)-BADI/GHODA.

The above additional instrument are as follows.

They are such as:-

(I)-BARCHHA:-It is the vital folk instrument of the Mudtopu khel.It is made with the sharp iron rod & the Nida Bamboo stick. With the help of this Barchha the Mudtopu dig the hole for the purpose of the buried his head .He show this Barchha in the fire & decorates with different colour. This Barchha is use very interestingly in the Mudtopu khel.

(II)-BADI/GHODA:-Badi or Ghoda is the most interesting thing of the Mudtopu khel. The Mudtopu make the Badi or the Ghoda with the Bamboo stick as the Ghoda shape.The Badi/Ghoda  is made as the bent bamboo stick.The Mudtopu make the ear, eye head in the bamboo stick. He decorate Badi by wearing mali . When he play the Mudtopu khel at that time he give entertainment to the audience. He decorate the Badi by wearing different type of dress .He ride on the Badi & he think that he is riding on the horse.Time to time he say to the audience that the horse is bitting his leg to him.     

Ghudka performance at Stage.

                                                                                                 

TALA & BIT OF THE GHUDKA MUSIC:-

The tala & the rhythm of the Ghudka dance is very indispensable in the Ghudka dance. With the help of the tala & rhythm the Ghudka player play the Ghudka music very interestingly .The tala & rhythm of the Ghudka music are as follows. They are such as:-

THEKA:-

(I)-CHHAKDU HUKUDU, CHHAKDU HUKUDU

CHHAKDU HUKUDU, CHHAKDU HUKUDU …….

DUKDU HUKUDU DUKDU HUKUDU

DUKDU HUKUDU DUKDU HUKUDU………

CHHUKDU HUKUDU CHHUKDU HUKUDU

CHHUKDU HUKUDU CHHUKDU HUKUDU…….

The above rhythm play by the Ghudka player as per the requirement.

(II)-GUJUKUDU DUNG DU HUKUDU

GUJUKUDU DUNG DU HUKUDU………

(III)-HUKUDU HUKUDU HUKUDU HUKUDU

HUKUDU HUKUDU HUKUDU HUKUDU……

TYAHI:-

(IV)-KUDUGUJU KUDUGUJU KUDUGUJU KUDUGUJU

KUDUGUJU KUDUGUJU KUDUGUJU KUDUGUJU……

The above rhythm & tala play by the Ghudka player as per the requirement.

The above tala & rhythm are very important for the Ghudka music.

MAKING PROCESS OF THE GHUDKA:-

GHUDKA is the most important folk & traditional instrument. The making process of this instrument is very interesting. For the making of the Ghudka there is a need of the log which has cutting in the middle part. With that one side of that log the Godhia leather is attached. There is a small hole in the middle of the leather & in that hole the small thread is attached. At the same place there is a small stick which is attached with the thread.

When the Ghuduka players play this music at that time he holds that stick & play the Ghudka music very interesting.

The sound which arises from the Ghudka is very sweet to hear. When this music play at  that time all the member became gathered. The role of music is very important in the field of sport, dance etc. In this way when the Ghudka became play at that time a large number of people encourage to the Ghudka player very interestingly. So, the encouragement of the audience to the Ghudka player became increased the beauty of this Ghudka nach as double.

INSTRUMENT USES IN THE GHUDKA :-

Instrument has the vital role in the every aspect in the sport or in the field of music. In this way it has various gifts to the music in this field. There are different  type  of instrument use in the Ghudka nach or Ghudka. The instrument of this Ghudka  may be two type .They are such as:-

(I)-Leading or the main instrument.

(II)-Additional instrument.

The above instrument may be as follows .Like:-

(I)-LEADING INSTRUMENT:-In the Ghudka nach the Ghudka is the leading o the main instrument. It has the central role which occupy  the central position.

 The additional instruments follow to the Ghudka in the Ghudka nach or in the Ghudka music. It is made with the Gambhari log, which is 1 foot in length. It is covered with the Godhi leather.

(II)-ADDITIONAL INSTRUMENTS:-

The role of additional instrument in the Ghudka is very indispensable. This additional instrument increased the beauty of this Ghudka instrument .The additional instrument are as follows .They are like:-

(I)-DHAP.

(II)-RAMKATHI.

(III)-JHUMKA.

(IV)-THUDKEL.(V)-GHUGHURLA.(LEG WAIST)attached in the Ghudka.

DRESS USES IN THE GHUDKA DANCE:-

The role of the dresses in the Ghudka dance or in the Ghudka music is very important.The dress increased the beauty of the Ghudka music. The male person wear Khajur pati in the head which is 

attached with the hen feather, dhoti, ganji which is made with different colourful clothes. He makes small type of   hole in the Ganji. He wears the Lungi as the Lengati & he bind the Lungi in his waist. At that time his two legs became half-naked.He wear the seed of the Aam tank in his nose.The Mudtpui wear the cap in his head. It is the most interesting thing for him & very attractive thing of the Mudtopu khel or the Mudtopu dance. He decorates the cap with the feather of the different type of the birds. So, that cap became very attractive to see.The female player wear the Saree,Kataria,Bandaria,Ghughurla,Parkathi,Kukuda paink etc. 

The Ghudka  players  wear the above simple dress.

  

Conclusion

Ghudka is the one of the most famous instrument of Western Odisha which is being getting stifled by the modern instrument .As the ghudka is a win or occupation based and furthermore standing based fine art it isn't going to the standard of the world. Right now where everything is being found in google Wikipedia, it is tragic that there is anything but a solitary detail portrayal of ghudka in google. In any case, presently a day by the consolidate exertion of neighbourhood inborn and other people dance troops ghudka is being acted in many phase of nearby, state,national and universal .Which assisting with reestablishing the perishing workmanship Ghudka. I tried my best to bring out all the aspect of Ghudka Art form to the lime light.Now a days Ghudka is being performed in stage which leading to many changes in costume, song and presentation style to maintain the stage aesthetic and to gather  the audiences but the Ghudka instrument still being played in traditional way.

Special Thanks  for Gudidance  

Lecturer Smt. Supritee Mishra

School of Performing Arts,
Sambalpur University. 

Researched and written by,

akashkumarmuni.21@gmail.com

Akash Kumar Muni,
Dancer and Choreographer

Masters in Performing Arts

Sector-17 D/23

At\PO – Sector-18,Rourkela-769003,

Dist. Sundargarh, Orissa, India.

Cell # 8637269356